South Killingholme is a village and

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority ...

North Lincolnshire North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in Lincolnshire, England, with a population of 167,446 in the 2011 census. The borough includes the towns of Scunthorpe, Brigg, Haxey, Crowle, Epworth, Bottesford, Kirton in Lindsey and Barton ...

, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,108. The parish was predominately agricultural and sparsely populated and the village small until the 1960s when industrialisation of the south Humber bank took place throughout area north-west of

Grimsby Grimsby or Great Grimsby is a port town and the administrative centre of North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England. Grimsby adjoins the town of Cleethorpes directly to the south-east forming a conurbation. Grimsby is north-east of Linco ...

– within the parish of South Killingholme the Humber Oil Refinery was built in the late 1960s. At the same time the village greatly expanded reaching near its present (2006) scale by the early 1970s. The expansion of the

Port of Immingham The Port of Immingham, also known as Immingham Dock, is a major port on the east coast of England, located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the town of Immingham, Lincolnshire. In 2019, the Port of Grimsby & Immingham was the largest ...

westwards encroached on the parish from the 1970s onwards, mainly due to the

Immingham Bulk Terminal The Port of Immingham, also known as Immingham Dock, is a major port on the east coast of England, located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the town of Immingham, Lincolnshire. In 2019, the Port of Grimsby & Immingham was the largest p ...

(1970) and later Immingham Gas Jetty (1985); in 2004 a 730 MW powerstation Conoco Philips Power Station (now known as ''Immingham Power Station'') was built alongside the refinery. As of 2006 the land area of the parish consists of an approximately 50:50 split of

heavy industry Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); o ...

– petroleum storage, refining and power generation; and agricultural land. South Killingholme is the only village in the parish and is located roughly in the centre of area.

Geography

The parish of South Killingholme extends from the Humber Estuary foreshore roughly southwest through the village of South Killingholme to a boundary near

Ulceby railway station Ulceby railway station serves the village of Ulceby, North Lincolnshire near Immingham in North East Lincolnshire, England. It was built by the Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway in 1848 and is located at Ulceby Skitter. It is manage ...

; the parish is roughly long (north-west to south-east) and wide.Ordnance Survey. Sheet 284. 1:25000. 2006 The parish had a population of 1,047 at the 2001 census, and at the 2011 census a population of 1,108. The parish is in the Ferry ward of North Lincolnshire. The southeastern and southern sides of the parish forms a boundary with the parishes of

Immingham Immingham is a town, civil parish and ward in the North East Lincolnshire unitary authority of England. It is situated on the south-west bank of the Humber Estuary, and is north-west from Grimsby. The region was relatively unpopulated and un ...

and

Habrough __NOTOC__ Habrough ( ) is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England, north-west of Grimsby and inland from the River Humber at the southern edge of the A180 road, just west of Immingham and south of South Killin ...

and with the administrative county of

North East Lincolnshire North East Lincolnshire is a Unitary authority area with borough status in Lincolnshire, England. It borders the borough of North Lincolnshire and districts of West Lindsey and East Lindsey. The population of the district in the 2011 Census was ...

, following the line of the main drain leading to South Killingholme Haven. The southwestern edge of the parish extends as far as, and included

, east of the village of Ulceby, where the boundary is with the parishes of

Brocklesby __NOTOC__ Brocklesby is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated south from Habrough, south-west from Immingham, and is located close to the border of both North Lincolnshire and North ...

and Ulceby, much of the boundary following the line of the canalized Skitter Beck. The northwestern boundary is entirely with the parish of

North Killingholme North Killingholme is a small village and Civil parishes in England, civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. Situated on the southern bank of the Humber Estuary north-west of Grimsby, Killingholme is divided into two administrative distri ...

, running southeast–northwest; from the southern part along the West Mere Middle Road, then bisecting the Lindsey Oil Refinery, and exiting the bank of the Humber Estuary halfway between north and south Killingholme havens. The parish is low lying rising from less than above sea level near the Humber bank, to a peak of above sea level in the southwest part of the parish, south of the village. Half of the parish is in agricultural use, primarily farming but including some plantations, the land is drained by man made ditches. The only human habitation in the parish of any note is the village of South Killingholme, near to the centre of the parish. The remainder of the parish is used for industrial and logistical purposes – northeast of the village is the Humber Oil Refinery, with the Lindsey Oil Refinery to the north also partially in the parish. Near the banks of the Humber the development of the

estate extends into the parish, specifically the western part of the

, known as the

Humber International Terminal The Port of Immingham, also known as Immingham Dock, is a major port on the east coast of England, located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the town of Immingham, Lincolnshire. In 2019, the Port of Grimsby & Immingham was the largest ...

; and the

Immingham Gas Terminal The Port of Immingham, also known as Immingham Dock, is a major port on the east coast of England, located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the town of Immingham, Lincolnshire. In 2019, the Port of Grimsby & Immingham was the largest ...

; the freight branch line to the docks (formerly the

Humber Commercial Railway The Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal rivers Ouse and Trent. From there to the North Sea, it forms part of the boundary between th ...

) runs through the parish from a junction near Ulceby station. To the northwest along the banks is the Killingholme gas jetty, and an associated storage facility. Three lighthouses, all constructed in the 19th century, are located on the Humber bank near to the oil storage terminal. The A1077 / A160 passes through the parish from a junction with the A180 passing through the village, and connecting to Immingham Dock.

Lighthouses

Three lighthouses were built on the Humber bank during the 19th century : Killingholme High (1831, rebuilt 1876), and Killingholme South Low lighthouses (1836), were used together to guide ships on the Humber to the south; whilst Killingholme High and Killingholme North Low (1851), were used together to guide ships on the Humber to the north. The North Low Light has been inactive since 1920. Also in use on the Humber banks at the beginning of the 20th century were brick works northwest of South Killingholme Haven.Ordnance Survey. 1:10560 Lincolnshire Sheet 13NE 1905-6

History

There is archaeological (cropmark) evidence of human activity near to the present village to at least the

Iron Age The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly appl ...

Roman Britain Roman Britain was the period in classical antiquity when large parts of the island of Great Britain were under occupation by the Roman Empire. The occupation lasted from AD 43 to AD 410. During that time, the territory conquered was ...

period, with cropmark evidence of activity continuing into the medieval period. It is thought there was once a moated manor at South Killingholme, north of the modern village, dating to the

Norman period The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conque ...

or earlier, no remnants of the site remain. The name Killingholme is Swedish and translates into 'Goat kid islet'. There are numerous 'Killingholme' and 'Killingholmen' in Sweden, as well as in Finland (which for 700 years was part of Sweden). A remnant of the early village is "The Nook", a timber-framed house dating to the 17th century or earlier, close to the church. The Old Baptist Chapel - geograph

A baptist chapel was built in 1747, and was reconstructed 1792 (now listed). The '' Grimsby and New Holland Railway'' (part of the

Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway The Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway was an early British railway company which existed between 1845 and 1847 with the intention of providing rail services between Grimsby, New Holland and Gainsborough in the county of Lincolnshire. ...

) opened in 1848;

opened the same year, around west of the village. By 1886 the village had a school, post office, Methodist chapels and consisted of around twenty dwellings scattered mostly along Greengate Road, Town Street and School Road. By the turn of the 20th century the Cross Keys Inn had been built west of the traditional village centre, and by the 1930s a limited amount, less than 20 dwellings, of additional housing had been built. By 1872 the population of South Killingholme was 574, approximately triple that of North Killingholme. In addition to a Baptist chapel, there were now Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapels in the village. The

Barton and Immingham Light Railway The Barton and Immingham Light Railway is a railway line in North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England. It ran from a junction at Goxhill to Immingham Dock. Another spur runs from Immingham Dock to Ulceby. It was lat ...

was opened passing through the parish north of the village, parallel to the Humber bank; Killingholme railway station opened in 1910 on the line northeast of the village.Ordnance Survey. 1:10560 Lincolnshire Sheet 13NE 1930 The Barton and Immingham Line connected to the

which also ran through the parish – both were built as part of the development of the

Immingham Dock The Port of Immingham, also known as Immingham Dock, is a major port on the east coast of England, located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the town of Immingham, Lincolnshire. In 2019, the Port of Grimsby & Immingham was the largest ...

. By 1930 a fish meal and oil works had been built between the lights and brickworks, with its own jetty onto the Humber. Both the fish and brick works were rail connected to the new light railway. Additionally some terraced housing was built, ''Marsh Row'', near Marsh farm on Marsh Lane, southeast of the fish meal works. No significant developments took place in the parish from the 1930s to the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, and through the 1940s and 1950s. During the 1960s the area experienced large scale industrial development, primarily the

Humber Refinery The Humber Refinery is a British oil refinery in South Killingholme, North Lincolnshire. It is situated south of the railway line next to the A160; Total's Lindsey Oil Refinery is north of the railway line. It is situated approximately ten mil ...

, developed by Continental Oil (see

Industry of the South Humber Bank The south bank of the Humber Estuary in England is a relatively unpopulated area containing large scale industrial development built from the 1950s onward, including national scale petroleum and chemical plants as well as gigawatt scale gas fired ...

.) The road network was greatly developed, with existing roads (A160) widened; sidings from the former Humber Commercial railway were built for the oil refineries. On the banks of the Humber the fish meal and brick works became defunct – a jetty for hydrocarbon import was built, the ''Killingholme Gas Jetty'', with an associated storage facility, in the environs of the lighthouses. Services on the Barton to Immingham Line ended in 1963. At the same time as the industrial expansion the village of South Killingholme grew greatly. By the mid-1960s the number of houses in the village had multiplied, with houses built along Greengate Lane, Town Street, Top Road and elsewhere. By the beginning of the 1970s the area bounded by Greengate Lane, Top Road and School Road, and Town Street had been filled with housing development, with new estates and roads to the north of Greengate Lane (St Deny's Road). Housing development then stablished, excluding further houses built on Lancaster Road, with no further major development to 2006. Expansion of the

led to some storage facilities of the

being built west of South Killingholme Haven (1970) within the parish.Ordnance Survey. Lincolnshire Sheet 13NE. 1:10560 1968; 1:10000 1972–4 Another gas jetty, Immingham Gas Jetty, was built between the existing jetty and bulk terminal. In the first decade of the 21st century the bulk terminal was substantially expanded westwards into the parish; the new facility being known as the

. The South Killingholme area was struck by an F1/T3 tornado on 23 November 1981, as part of the record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak on that day. In 2004

ConocoPhillips ConocoPhillips Company is an American multinational corporation engaged in hydrocarbon exploration and production. It is based in the Energy Corridor district of Houston, Texas. The company has operations in 15 countries and has production in ...

constructed a 730 MW power station ('' Conoco Philips Power Station'', also known as ''Immingham Power Station'') adjacent to their Humber Refinery.See Conoco Philips Power Station or

. In 2005 the same company established a wood "Mayflower Wood" – a area was planted with over 60,000 trees and shrubs. In 2009 the power station was expanded, increasing output to 1,180 MW. In 2015 construction work on the "A160/A180 Port of Immingham Improvement" road improvement scheme was begun. The road improvement scheme was intended to convert the A160 from single to dual carriage way, with new junctions onto the A180 and A1173; as part of the scheme access from one side of South Killingholme to the other across the A160 was to be ended and replaced with a road bridge on Town Street over the dual carriageway.

References

Map locations and landmarks

Sources

*, ''An Act to empower the Central Oil Refining Company Limited to construct works and to acquire lands; and for other purposes.'' * *

External links

{{Lighthouse identifiers , qid2=Q26397716 Villages in the Borough of North Lincolnshire Civil parishes in Lincolnshire Nature reserves in Lincolnshire